Malocclusion, also known as open bite, refers to the way teeth make contact, specifically how the upper and lower teeth fit together. Ideally, the points of a molar should fit into the grooves of the opposing molar, and all teeth are spaced proportionally, straight, and aligned. The upper teeth keep the lips and cheeks protected from being bitten and the lower teeth protect the tongue. The back teeth may receive too much pressure because the front teeth don’t share equally in the biting force. This can lead to premature wear of the back teeth and makes chewing less efficient.

Misalignment or malocclusion is the most common reason patients are referred to the orthodontist. While many people do not have perfectly straight teeth, many occlusion problems are so minor they do not require treatment. Treating moderate or severe malocclusion makes it easier to clean teeth, reduces risk for tooth decay and periodontal diseases. It also reduces strain on jaw muscles and teeth, which reduces symptoms of TMJ and decreases the risk of breaking a tooth.

A number of factors can affect tooth alignment, including heredity, extra teeth, impacted or lost teeth, malformed teeth, and the abnormal eruption of teeth. In addition, habits like thumb sucking, tongue thrusting and pacifier use beyond the age of three can affect the shape of the jaws.